Lung cancer is the most deadly form of cancer, and many people want to know how to prevent it.
Cancer is often caused by one or more risk factors, such as harmful habits, substances, or diseases. The following are the most commonly accepted risk factors for lung cancer, listed in order of importance:
Smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer. Some studies suggest that in the United States, smoking is responsible for about 80% or more of lung cancers. Smoke contains many chemicals, some of which can lead to lung infections and, in severe cases, lung cancer. The longer and more frequently you smoke, the greater your risk of developing lung cancer.
Second-hand smoke is also a major risk factor for lung cancer in non-smokers.
- Age
Age is another important risk factor. Lung cancer is rare in young people, and the chance of developing it increases with age. Older people are more likely to develop lung cancer than younger people.
- Radon
Radon is a colorless, odorless gas that emits a small amount of radiation. When inhaled, it can damage lung cells and increase the risk of lung cancer. While radon is rare outdoors, it can gather to unsafe levels indoors. Radon exposure in the home is the second leading cause of lung cancer, and the leading cause for non-smokers in the US.
- Asbestos
Asbestos is widely used in many industries, including construction materials. Long-term inhalation of asbestos fibers can lead to a variety of lung diseases and even lung cancer, as well as other cancers. When exposed to asbestos, tiny long asbestos fibers in the air can be inhaled and irritate the lung tissue, which can lead to lung diseases and cancer in the long run.
- Certain chemicals
Many chemicals are harmful to the human body. Exposure to these chemicals, such as formaldehyde, silica, beryllium, cadmium, and chromium, can increase the risk of cancer, including lung cancer.
- Outdoor air pollution
Chemicals, particles and other substances in polluted air can damage people’s health, especially their lungs. One study suggests that outdoor air pollution may be responsible for about 5% of lung cancer deaths worldwide.
- Personal or family history of cancer
Personal or family history of cancer can also increase the risk of developing lung cancer. If the person or any close relatives have had cancer, their risk of developing lung cancer may be higher.
- Personal history of lung diseases
Certain lung conditions can cause damage to the lungs and are associated with lung cancer. These conditions include COPD, tuberculosis, lung infections, asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, etc.
- Indoor air pollution
In addition to the radon mentioned earlier, in daily life, burning fuel such as coal indoors for cooking and heating, and frying food in hot oil also can produce pollutants associated with lung cancer.
Final note
In daily life, it is important to take steps to avoid factors that can increase the risk of developing lung cancer.
While it is true that lung cancer has a relatively low incidence rate, especially among high-risk groups, it is still the deadliest form of cancer. However, if you have one or a few risk factors, there is usually no need to worry too much.
For people at high risk of developing lung cancer, doctors may recommend an annual respiratory evaluation to monitor their lung health.
Remember to consult with your doctor promptly if you have any concerns.